Temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and associated socioeconomic factors of visiting frequency for rural patients with hypertension in Fujian Province, Southeast China.

BACKGROUND: Regular follow-up and medication can effectively reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for patients with hypertension. This study aimed to explore the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and associated socioeconomic factors of visiting frequency for rural patients with hypertension in Fujian province from 2011 to 2016. METHODS: The medical records of patients with hypertension were abstracted from the database of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. Geographically and temporally weighted regression model was used to analyze the associations between percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year and seven socioeconomic factors at the county level. RESULTS: The visiting rate of rural patients with hypertension was 0.79%, 1.27%, 1.87%, 2.29%, 2.78%, 3.43% over the six-year study period, respectively. The percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year gradually increased over time and the percentage ranged from 61 to 80% in a half of the counties by 2016. In general, there was positive association between Gross Domestic Product per capita and the percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year. The percentage of female patients, percentage of patients who aged ≥ 60 years, percentage of low-income patients, carbon emission intensity, percentage of savings and number of health technicians per 10,000 persons were negatively correlated with the percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year in most of counties of Fujian Province. In the sensitivity analysis, the percentage of outpatients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year was higher than that of all patients. There was positive association between percentage of outpatients who aged ≥ 60 years and the percentage of outpatients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times. CONCLUSIONS: The visiting rate and the visiting frequency within a year for rural patients with hypertension in Fujian province need to be improved. Female and elderly patients should be the focus of health management. Effectively implementing the family doctor services, providing several kinds of free antihypertensive drugs, improving energy utilization efficiency and reasonably allocating the health resources may be the effective strategies to improve the follow-up compliance of patients.

Chinese parents' intention to vaccinate their 0-5-year-old children with the EV-71 vaccine against hand, foot, and mouth disease and willingness-to-pay.

Background: This study aimed to determine the intention and willingness-to-pay (WTP) of Chinese parents/guardians to vaccinate their children with the EV-71 vaccine. Knowledge levels about hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and the EV-71 vaccine were also investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023. A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to recruit parents/guardians of children aged 0-5 years in southeastern China. Results: A total of 3,626 complete responses were received. The mean knowledge score of HFMD was 9.99 (±4.23) out of a total of 14 points. The majority of the participants reported a somewhat willing intent (58.8%), followed by an extremely willing intent (28.9%). Participants who did not consider the EV-71 vaccine expensive (OR = 2.94, 95%CI 2.45-3.53) perceived that the EV-71 vaccine is effective (OR = 2.73, 95%CI 1.52-4.90), and a high knowledge level of HFMD (OR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.57-2.29) had the highest significant odds of having an extremely willing intent to vaccinate their children with the EV-71 vaccine. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of WTP for the EV-71 vaccine was CNY¥200/USD$28 (IQR CNY¥100-400/USD$14-56). The highest marginal WTP for the vaccine was mainly influenced by the perceived high cost of the vaccine. Those participants who did not consider the EV-71 vaccine expensive had more than 10 times higher odds of vaccinating their children (OR = 10.86, 95%CI 8.49-13.88). Perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were also significant influencing factors in the highest marginal WTP. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of improving health promotion and reducing the barriers to EV-71 vaccination. Therefore, it is important to improve health promotion and reduce the barriers to EV-71 vaccination.

Has Zika been forgotten? A qualitative exploration of knowledge gaps, perceived risk and preventive practices in pregnant women in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Although Zika virus infection is rarely reported now, continuous prevention is needed to achieve sustained eradication. This study aimed to explore the knowledge gaps, risk perception and preventive measures against Zika virus infection (ZIKV) in pregnant women in Malaysia. METHODS: We conducted in-depth virtual interviews with pregnant women between February and April 2022. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS: The majority of the participants demonstrated a commendable level of awareness regarding the signs and symptoms associated with ZIKV infection. They also exhibited a clear understanding of preventive measures, particularly emphasizing the importance of avoiding mosquito bites to minimize the risk of ZIKV transmission. However, a noteworthy gap in knowledge surfaced as a subset of participants remained uninformed about the potential for sexual transmission of ZIKV, which could lead to congenital ZIKV in pregnant women. Even among women who were cognizant of ZIKV and its potential negative health outcomes, associated with the infection, many of them did not perceive themselves to be at risk, mainly because ZIKV infection is infrequently discussed or heard of, leading to a sense of infections' rarity. While the adoption of preventive measures such as mosquito bite prevention during pregnancy was a common practice, however, prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika is low. A minority of women express concerns about the sensitivity surrounding discussions and prevention of STIs within the context of marriage. Most of the participants were supportive of the provision of awareness of ZIKV infection in women during pregnancy and the involvement of men, especially in initiatives aimed at preventing transmission through sexual contact. CONCLUSION: This study uncovered gaps in both knowledge and practices pertaining ZIKV infection among pregnant women in the aftermath of the ZIKV pandemic. The insights gleaned from our research are valuable for shaping future interventions geared towards preventing the resurgence or facilitating the sustainable eradication of ZIKV.

Root rot destabilizes the Sanqi rhizosphere core fungal microbiome by reducing the negative connectivity of beneficial microbes.

The stability of microbial communities, especially among core taxa, is essential for supporting plant health. However, the impacts of disease infection on the stability of rhizosphere fungal core microbiome remain largely unexplored. In this study, we delved into the effects of root rot infestation on the community structure, function, network complexity, and stability of Sanqi fungal core microbiomes, employing amplicon sequencing combined with co-occurrence network and cohesion analyses. Our investigation revealed that root rot disease led to a decrease in the α-diversity but an increase in the ß-diversity of the Sanqi fungal core microbiomes in the rhizosphere. Notably, Ilyonectria, Plectosphaerella, and Fusarium emerged as indicator species in the rhizosphere core microbiome of root rot-infected Sanqi plants, while Mortierella predominated as the dominant biomarker taxa in healthy soils. Additionally, root rot diminished the complexity and modularity of the rhizosphere networks by reducing the metrics associated with nodes, edges, degrees, and modularity. Furthermore, root rot resulted in a reduction in the proportion of negative connections in the network and the negative/positive cohesion of the entire core fungal microbiome. Particularly noteworthy was the observation that root rot infection destabilized the rhizosphere core fungal microbiome by weakening the negative connectivity associated with beneficial agents. Collectively, these results highlight the significance of the negative connectivity of beneficial agents in ensuring the stability of core microbial community.IMPORTANCERoot rot disease has been reported as the most devastating disease in the production process of artificial cultivated Sanqi ginseng, which seriously threatens the Sanqi industry. This study provides valuable insights into how root rot influences microbial relationships within the community. These findings open up opportunities for disease prevention and the promotion of plant health by regulating microbial interactions. In summary, the research sheds light on the ecological consequences of root rot on rhizosphere fungal microbiomes and offers potential strategies for managing soil-borne diseases and enhancing plant health.

Cost-based COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: A post-pandemic review.

The primary objective of this paper is to serve as a valuable resource for policymakers who are confronted with the evolving landscape of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), considering both free and cost-based vaccination approaches. The potential consequences of shifting from free to cost-based vaccination are explored, encompassing its impact on global vaccine equity and prioritization, economic well-being, healthcare systems and delivery, public health policies, and vaccine distribution strategies. Examining past studies on willingness to pay for the initial COVID-19 vaccine dose and booster shots provides insights into how individuals value COVID-19 vaccinations and underscores the significance of addressing issues related to affordability. If COVID-19 vaccinations incur expenses, using effective communication strategies that emphasize the importance of vaccination and personal health benefits can increase willingness to pay. Making COVID-19 vaccines accessible through public health programs or health insurance can help alleviate financial barriers and increase vaccination rates.

Emergence of multiple fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto clones with persistence and transmission in China.

OBJECTIVES: We explored the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates in China, and their mechanisms of azole resistance. METHODS: Azole susceptibilities of 2318 non-duplicate isolates were determined using CLSI broth microdilution. Isolates were genotyped by a microsatellite typing method. Molecular resistance mechanisms were also studied and functionally validated by CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic alterations. RESULTS: Fluconazole resistance occurred in 2.4% (n = 56) of isolates, and these isolates showed a higher frequency of distribution in ICU inpatients compared with susceptible isolates (48.2%, n = 27/56 versus 27.8%, 613/2208; P = 0.019). Microsatellite-genotyping analysis yielded 29 genotypes among 56 fluconazole-resistant isolates, of which 10 genotypes, including 37 isolates, belonged to clusters, persisting and transmitting in Chinese hospitals for 1-29 months. Clusters harbouring Erg11Y132F (5/10; 50%) were predominant in China. Among these, the second most dominant cluster MT07, including seven isolates, characteristically harbouring Erg11Y132F and Mrr1Q625K, lent its carriage to being one of the strongest associations with cross-resistance and high MICs of fluconazole (>256 mg/L) and voriconazole (2-8 mg/L), causing transmission across two hospitals. Among mutations tested, Mrr1Q625K led to the highest-level increase of fluconazole MIC (32-fold), while mutations located within or near the predicted transcription factor domain of Tac1 (D440Y, T492M and L518F) conferred cross-resistance to azoles. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first Chinese report of persistence and transmissions of multiple fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis sensu stricto clones harbouring Erg11Y132F, and the first demonstration of the mutations Erg11G307A, Mrr1Q625K, Tac1L263S, Tac1D440Y and Tac1T492M as conferring resistance to azoles.

Exploring the perspectives of pharmaceutical experts and healthcare practitioners on senolytic drugs for vascular aging-related disorder: a qualitative study.

Objective: The field of targeting cellular senescence with drug candidates to address age-related comorbidities has witnessed a notable surge of interest and research and development. This study aimed to gather valuable insights from pharmaceutical experts and healthcare practitioners regarding the potential and challenges of translating senolytic drugs for treatment of vascular aging-related disorders. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with healthcare practitioners and pharmaceutical experts. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interview transcripts. Results: A total of six individuals were interviewed, with three being pharmaceutical experts and the remaining three healthcare practitioners. The significant global burden of cardiovascular diseases presents a potentially large market size that offer an opportunity for the development and marketability of novel senolytic drugs. The pharmaceutical sector demonstrates a positive inclination towards the commercialization of new senolytic drugs targeting vascular aging-related disorders. However potential important concerns have been raised, and these include increasing specificity toward senescent cells to prevent off-site targeting, thus ensuring the safety and efficacy of these drugs. In addition, novel senolytic therapy for vascular aging-related disorders may encounter competition from existing drugs that treat or manage risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Healthcare practitioners are also in favor of recommending the novel senolytic drugs for vascular aging-related disorders but cautioned that its high cost may hinder its acceptance among patients. Besides sharing the same outcome-related concerns as with the pharmaceutical experts, healthcare practitioners anticipated a lack of awareness among the general public regarding the concept of targeting cellular senescence to delay vascular aging-related disorders, and this knowledge gap extends to healthcare practitioner themselves as well. Conclusion: Senolytic therapy for vascular aging-related disorders holds great promise, provided that crucial concerns surrounding its outcomes and commercial hurdles are effectively addressed.

Effects of Interaction between Claroideogolmus etuicatum and Bacillus aryabhattai on the Utilization of Organic Phosphorus in Camellia oleifera Abel.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are involved in phosphorus (P) mobilization and turnover; however, the impact of their interaction on plant P absorption and organic P mineralization in the hyphosphere (rootless soil) are unknown. This study examined the interactive effects of two native microorganisms, namely Claroideogolmus etuicatum and Bacillus aryabhattai, and the effects of co-inoculation of both microorganisms on organic P mineralization and the subsequent transfer to Camellia oleifera, using a three-compartment microcosm with a nylon mesh barrier. The results demonstrated that the co-inoculation treatment (AMF + PSB) significantly increased the plant P content and biomass accumulation in C. oleifera compared to those of the non-inoculated control. Furthermore, co-inoculation boosted soil phosphatase and phytase activities as well as the liable P content. Compared to the non-inoculated control, inoculation of AMF decreased the NaOH-Po content. A correlation analysis showed that AMF colonization and hyphal density was significantly positively correlated with H2O-P and NaHCO3-Pi and negatively correlated with NaOH-Po. It was shown that co-inoculation could increase phosphatase activity, phytase activity, and promote the liable P content, thus increasing the phosphorus content and biomass accumulation of C. oleifera. In conclusion, AMF and PSB interactively enhanced the mineralization of soil organic P, and therefore positively affected P uptake and plant growth.

High Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Colonization Among Intensive Care Unit Patients in a Tertiary Hospital, China.

Intestinal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has been shown as a significant risk factor for subsequent CRE infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal CRE colonization among ICU patients in a Chinese tertiary hospital. Fecal sample screenings for CRE were performed on ICU patients weekly. Antibiotic-susceptibility profile of CRE strains was determined using the Vitek-2 analysis system and broth microdilution method. The carbapenemases of all isolates were determined by phenotypes and genotypes. Clonal relatedness was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify the multilocus sequence type (ST), plasmid replicons, and insertion sequences (ISs) of isolates. The overall colonization rate of CRE was 40.4% (82/203). A total of 84 CRE strains were detected, mostly with Klebsiella pneumoniae (92.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing profile revealed that 84 CRE strains were resistant to most antibiotics except for tigecycline and colistin. The carbapenemase-encoding genes including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, and blaIMP-4 were detected, and blaKPC-2 was the predominant genotype (90.8%). A total of 9 STs were identified among 84 CRE strains, and ST11 was the most common type (83.3%). A variety of mobile genetic elements, including plasmids and ISs, were detected via online tool prediction. PFGE analysis of the 78 K. pneumoniae strains showed 8 different pulsotypes, and pulsotype A was highly prevalent. This study found that the prevalence of CRE colonization was alarmingly high in the ICU, and that effective infection control measures are urgently needed to prevent the dissemination of CRE.

The loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions is associated with the decline of beneficial bacterial agents induced by phenolic acids.

Continuous cultivation of medicinal plants can disrupt the rhizosphere's microbial community. There is still a need to know about the beneficial bacterial community, their putative drivers, and the potential functions they may have. This study used different growth years of Sanqi ginseng (Panax notoginseng) with root rot to look at the beneficial microbial community structure, the function of microbial carbon source utilization, and the function of rhizosphere soil metabolism. The beneficial bacterial community changed and the relative abundance of beneficial agents was suppressed significantly with the successive Sanqi ginseng plantings. The carbon source utilization capacity and diversity increased significantly, whereas three autotoxin degradation-related pathways (biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism) were downregulated considerably with planting year extended. The changes in the beneficial agents were driven by the shifts in phenolic acid profiles, and the decline of beneficial microbes led to the loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions. Overall, these results provide insight into beneficial microbes, microbial functions, phenolic acids, and their interactions, and these findings are essential for maintaining healthy and sustainable cultivation of Sanqi ginseng. IMPORTANCE Sanqi ginseng is a valuable perennial Chinese herb with various benefits for human health. However, continuous cultivation causes a high incidence of root rot disease, which leads to decreased yield and serious economic losses and ultimately impedes the sustainable development of Chinese medicine production. The significance of this study is to reveal the pattern of changes in beneficial bacteria and their related functions in root rot diseased rhizosphere with the successive planting years of Sanqi ginseng. This study found that the decline of beneficial bacterial agents mediated by phenolic acid profiles appears to be associated with the loss of microbial autotoxin degradation functions. This result may have new implications for deciphering the causes of Sanqi ginseng's continuous cropping obstacles.

Development and validation of a model for the prediction of disease-specific survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: based on random survival forest analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a model for predicting the disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with OSCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled and randomly divided into development (n = 14,495) and internal validation cohort (n = 9625). Additionally, a cohort from a hospital located in Southeastern China was utilized for external validation (n = 582). RESULTS: TNM stage, adjuvant treatment, surgery, tumor sites, age, grade, and gender were used for RSF model construction based on the development cohort. The effectiveness of the model was confirmed through time-dependent ROC curves in different cohorts. The risk score exhibited an almost exponential increase in the hazard ratio of death due to OSCC. In development, internal, and external validation cohorts, the prognosis was significantly worse for patients in groups with higher risk scores (all log-rank P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on RSF, a high-performance prediction model for OSCC prognosis was created and verified in this study.

Determinants of gastric cancer screening attendance in Southeastern China: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the determinants of gastric cancer screening attendance among individuals aged 40 years in a region with high gastric cancer in China. DESIGN: An anonymous, cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2021 and March 2022. SETTING: A self-administered online survey was conducted in Fujian Province in Southeastern China. PARTICIPANTS: People aged 40 years living in five selected cities in Fujian Province with no history of cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gastric cancer screening attendance was measured with the question 'Have you ever been screened for gastric cancer in the past'. RESULTS: In total, 2547 complete responses were obtained. The mean age of respondents was 47.72±7.20 years, and 59.8% were men. A total of 42.6% of participants reported that they had undergone gastric cancer screening. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants with a first-degree relative affected with gastric cancer (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.59) and high perceived susceptibility of gastric cancer (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.59) were the strongest facilitators for screening attendance. Other factors positively associated with screening attendance were age 51-60 years (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.18), living in urban regions (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.55), friends/neighbours/colleagues with gastric cancer (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.58), history of chronic gastric disease (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.57 to 2.30), perceived high cost (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.61) and physician recommendation (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.16). On the other hand, factors negatively associated with screening attendance included perceived barriers, namely screening is only necessary when symptoms present (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.87) and perceived appointment for gastroscopy screening is difficult and time-consuming (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.94). No significant association was found between knowledge level and participation in screening. CONCLUSION: This study highlights important individual-level factors and barriers to gastric cancer screening. Strategies targeting under-screened populations and eliminating patient-perceived barriers to gastric cancer screening are essential.

Genetic and Functional Analysis of the pks Gene in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates.

The pks gene cluster encodes colibactin, which can cause DNA damage and enhance the virulence in Escherichia coli. However, the role of the pks gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae has not been fully discussed. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the pks gene cluster and virulence factors, as well as to assess antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation capacity in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thirty-eight of 95 clinical K. pneumoniae strains were pks positive. pks-positive strains usually infected emergency department patients, and pks-negative strains often infected hospitalized patients. The positive rates of K1 capsular serotype and hypervirulence genes (peg-344, rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, and iroB) were significantly higher in the pks-positive isolates than the pks-negative isolates (P < 0.05). The biofilm formation ability of pks-positive isolates was stronger than that of pks-negative isolates. Antibacterial drug susceptibility test showed the resistance of pks-positive isolates was weaker than that of pks-negative isolates. In conclusion, patients with pks-positive K. pneumoniae infection might have worse treatment outcomes and prognosis. pks-positive K. pneumoniae might have stronger virulence and pathogenicity. Clinical infection with pks-positive K. pneumoniae needs further attention. IMPORTANCE The infection rate with pks-positive K. pneumoniae has been increasing in recent years. Two previous surveys in Taiwan reported 25.6% pks gene islands and 16.7% pks-positive K. pneumoniae strains in bloodstream infections, and Chinese scholars also did a survey of K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections in Changsha, China, and found 26.8% pks-positive K. pneumoniae. In addition, it was found that the pks gene cluster might encode colibactin, which could be related to the virulence of K. pneumoniae. Studies confirmed that the prevalence of colibactin-producing K. pneumoniae was increasing. It is necessary to consider the clear relationship between the pks gene cluster and high pathogenicity in K. pneumoniae.

Prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte percentage in oral cancer: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic role of pretreatment lymphocyte percentage (LY%) for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: A large-scale prospective cohort study between July 2002 and March 2021 was conducted. Propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were performed to adjust for potential confounders. Using random survival forest (RSF), the relative importance of pretreatment LY% in prognosis prediction was also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 743 patients were enrolled and followed up (median: 2.75 years, interquartile range: 1.25-4.42 years). A high pretreatment LY% was significantly associated with better disease-specific survival of patients with OSCC (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 0.84). The same tendency was observed in PSM (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.85) and IPTW analysis (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.82). RSF showed that LY% ranked the fifth among importance ranking of all prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment LY% showed a moderate predictive ability, suggesting it might be a valuable tool to predict prognosis for patients with OSCC.

Parent-child relationships and psychological distress: survey of parents from low-income families after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: This study aims to shed light on parent-child relationships and the psychological health of parents from low-income families after the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 553 parents of children aged 13-24 years in low-income community settings. The Parent-Child Conflict scale of the Parental Environment Questionnaire (PEQ) was used to measure parent-child conflict. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale short form (DASS-21). Results: The study revealed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 36 to 48). Concerning demographics, married parents reported a likelihood of having a higher level of parent-child conflict over 3 times higher than single parents (OR = 3.18 95%, CI 1.30-7.75). More parent-child conflicts were also found in parents aged 60-72 years old who were unemployed, retired, or housewives and from lower-income groups. In regard to lifestyle factors, a higher level of physical activity and having enough sleep were associated with lower levels of parent-child conflict. Only approximately 1% of the participants reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress. Discussion: Low risk exists for parent-child conflict and psychological sequelae following the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, which could be due to various support measures implemented by the government. Vulnerable parents identified as being at risk of parent-child conflict warrant attention in future advocacy efforts.

COVID-19 responses and coping in young Malaysians from low-income families.

Introduction: This study aimed to shed light on how young people from low-income families were responding to COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited young people aged between 18 and 24 years from the low-income-group communities. A convenience sampling approach was used. Google Surveys were used to gather data from the survey. The questionnaire consisted of an assessment of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, parent-youth conflict (Parental Environment Questionnaire, PEQ), resilient coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale, BRCS), and psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-short form, DASS-21). Results: A total of 561 complete responses were received. The results showed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 36-48]. Higher parent-child conflicts were found in females than in males (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.19-2.57) and in youth from households with an income below MYR 2000 than those earning MYR 3,001-5,000 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI 2.40-8.03). A low prevalence of depression (12.5%), anxiety (15.2%), and stress (6.4%) was found. Parent-child conflict remains the strongest significant predictor for higher levels of depression (OR = 10.90, 95% CI 4.31-27.57), anxiety (OR = 11.92, 95% CI 5.05-28.14), and stress (OR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.41-16.33) symptoms. Poor resilient coping was the second strongest predictor for depression and anxiety symptoms. Regarding lifestyle factors, a lower level of physical exercise was associated with higher symptoms of depression. By demographics, females reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than males. Young people from low-income households reported greater severity in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than those from high-income households. Young people who are employed also reported greater severity of anxiety symptoms than those who are unemployed. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an unpredictable impact on the lives of vulnerable youth in low-income families that warrants attention in future advocacy efforts.

COVID-19 Anti-Vaccine Sentiments in Malaysia: Narratives of Comments from Facebook Post.

The anti-vaccination movement was an ongoing issue in Malaysia, a Muslim-majority country, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear whether the introduction of new COVID-19 vaccines would similarly provoke anti-vaccine sentiments. This study analyzed COVID-19 anti-vaccine sentiments in the Malaysian community. Anti-vaccine comments from Facebook page posts were extracted. The qualitative software QSR-NVivo 10 was used to manage, code and analyze the data. The fast-track COVID-19 vaccine evoked the fear of unknown long-term effects, safety, effectiveness and the duration of protection. The halal status of the COVID-19 vaccines is important. Although it is permissible to use vaccines that are not certified halal under the state of darurah (emergency), there was doubt that the current state has reached the stage of darurah that warrants the use of vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine microchip conspiracy theories were raised. COVID-19 is viewed as only severe for vulnerable populations, and hence vaccination is not needed for the healthy. There were opinions that coronavirus treatments would be more beneficial than vaccination. The anti-COVID-19 vaccine sentiments uncovered in this study provide important insights for the formulation of public health messages to instill confidence in new COVID-19 vaccines. Despite the pandemic being nearly over and many people worldwide having received COVID-19 vaccines, the findings provide important insight into potential issues regarding the introduction of new vaccines in the event of future pandemics.

Effectiveness of Dengue Awareness Calendar on Indigenous Population: Impact on Knowledge, Belief and Practice.

BACKGROUND: Dengue is prevalent among the indigenous community due to impoverished living conditions near the forest fringe areas and lack of health awareness. The study aims to determine the effect of a dengue awareness calendar on knowledge, belief, and practices (KBP) among the indigenous population. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine selected indigenous villages in Selangor, Malaysia. A dengue awareness calendar was distributed to the indigenous communities after pre-intervention. The KBP scores were compared between the pre-and post-intervention. RESULT: A total of 609 paired responses were obtained. Knowledge, perceived severity, cues to action, self-efficacy, and prevention practices were significantly improved after the intervention (p > 0.00). Participants with primary (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.627; 95% CI 1.338-5.160) and secondary level education (OR 2.263; 95% Cl 1.126-4.550) reported a high increment in practices score. High increments in dengue knowledge scores (OR 2.190; 95% CI 1.521-3.757, p < 0.00) were significantly more likely to report a high increment in practices score. Housewives (OR 0.535; 95% Cl 0.289-0.950), perceived severity (OR 0.349; 95% CI 0.184-0.662), and perceived susceptibility (OR 0.474; 95% CI 0.286-0.785) were significantly less likely to report an increment in prevention practices score. CONCLUSION: Findings inferred that the dengue awareness calendar significantly improved knowledge and practices. Our findings revealed the effectiveness of the dengue awareness calendar in dengue prevention among indigenous communities.

Utility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio in predicting prognosis of patients with oral cancer: A prospective cohort study in Southeastern China.

BACKGROUND: To assess the prognostic role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio (GLR) and develop a prognostic nomogram for patients with oral cancer. METHODS: A prospective cohort (n = 1011) was conducted during July 2002 to March 2021 in Southeastern China. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 3.5 years. Multivariate Cox regression (OS: HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.18) and Fine-Gray model (DSS: HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.49) both showed that high GLR could act as an indicator of poor prognosis. A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between continuous GLR and the risk of all-cause mortality (p for overall = 0.028, p for nonlinear = 0.048). Compare with TNM stage, time-dependent ROC curve proved that GLR-based nomogram model performs better in predicting prognosis (the area under curve for 1-, 3-, and 5-years mortality: 0.63, 0.65, and 0.64 vs. 0.76, 0.77, and 0.78, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: GLR might be a useful tool in predicting prognosis for patients with oral cancer.

Clonal Dissemination of Antifungal-Resistant Candida haemulonii, China.

Candida haemulonii, a relative of C. auris, frequently shows antifungal resistance and is transmissible. However, molecular tools for genotyping and investigating outbreaks are not yet established. We performed genome-based population analysis on 94 C. haemulonii strains, including 58 isolates from China and 36 other published strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. haemulonii can be divided into 4 clades. Clade 1 comprised strains from China and other global strains; clades 2-4 contained only isolates from China, were more recently evolved, and showed higher antifungal resistance. Four regional epidemic clusters (A, B, C, and D) were identified in China, each comprising ≥5 cases (largest intracluster pairwise single-nucleotide polymorphism differences <50 bp). Cluster A was identified in 2 hospitals located in the same city, suggesting potential intracity transmissions. Cluster D was resistant to 3 classes of antifungals. The emergence of more resistant phylogenetic clades and regional dissemination of antifungal-resistant C. haemulonii warrants further monitoring.